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What is AFSPA?

AFSPA stands for Armed Forces Special Power Act, implemented first ever time on 11 September 1958 at northeastern region of the country to suppress the growing violence. With the implementation of this act in any state/part of state, army personals will get some special power to tackle the disturbers/insurgents. Which include arrest of suspicious personal without any warrant; shoot specific group or personal with prior warning or searching suspicious vehicle etc.

So far its been implemented in various parts of North eastern region, Punjab/Chandigarh region and Jammu and Kashmir. In other side its also been one of the controversial acts due violation of human rights, some even compare it with Rowlett act of British era.

Why is it criticized?

AFSPA has been mainly criticized on human right violation and scope misuse of it. There are so many legal suits against army personals on human right violation, fake encounters and even rape. Several commissions of UN raised questions about AFSPA and On 31 March 2012 it also asked India to terminate the law.

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If we see into criticality of situation at disturbed areas and incapability of internal forces (police) it is a necessity to deploy Armed forces. If deploy our mighty forces then there should be less of restriction to operate efficiently. So If there are two laws to be followed (civil legality and its own uniform laws) before attacking against radical elements isn’t it an extra hurdle imposed on our Armed brothers?

What can be done? some of the opinions;

1)The concept of AFSPA is made basically to control whenever police or any other state's internal forces fail to control the disturbed situation; So it is essential to have armed forces involvement until we better equip/empower/better train our police;

2)Indian army is moral army and it rarely commits misbehavior, but after all army consists of human and humans commit mistakes. So it is essential to have some investigative body to keep the human arrogance in check.

3)So it is better to setup a court of investigation to analyse the situation after committing, which reduces confusion. other central forces would be better like if army conducts ops then navy or AF intelligence people can conduct investigation.

4)Whenever and wherever it is unnecessary it should be taken off. Government (both central and state) and army and police should collectively sit and take decisions related to AFSPA.

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SSB lecturette: Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial intelligence: What is it?

As the name suggests, in basic words, artificial intelligence is machines/computers taking human like decisions. Or in other words AI is any capable program taking humanized rational decisions and acting on it.

The concept of AI started back in late 1950s in literature works. Relevance of it came only in 90s. AI made into news when IBMs machine deep blue defeated chess grand master Garry kasprov.

As every coin will have flip sides AI also has its own advantages and disadvantages and lots of myths coiled with it.

Myths appearing as disadvantages:

1) Job loss:

This conception is very much like the thoughts, which we had during industrialization, people(labors) had started thinking machines will eat their jobs. But soon after we adapted to new era and stated building more machines and started to learn its operations. Similarly job loss will be there for short term, the mundane tasks will surely replaced by bot, but in long-run we will get adapted to AI.

2)Analogy of Hollywood movie matrix:

The scary concept of machine building their own kind and taking over human was popularized by the movie Matrix (we Indians have rajikanth’s robo). Based on this very same line of thought, AI developments have been demoralized. I believe this is not a practical possibility and it is far from truth.

I mean after all who does not like when machine do our mundane tasks.

Applications and advantage:

You must be aware about famous car company Tesla by Elon Musk. Recent and major attraction of Tesla has been its self driving electric cars.

Don’t you think driving is a mundane activity? As a need it has been replaced by AI. Where and while driving, you can do any other productive work. And as an added advantage machines never have emotions, hangover like humans that way error/ accidents can be reduced. J

Similarly application of AI is everywhere be it, catching fraudulent/suspicious bank transactions to chat bots to advertising industries to agriculture to industry.

So bottom line is, AI is HERE and it is going to change the course just like industrialization did. So it is left to us, how fast we learn aspects/applications of it and adapt accordingly.

ThanksJ